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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor="#EAF1DD" lang=EN-US link=aqua vlink=purple style='tab-interval: .5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <p align=center style='text-align:center;mso-outline-level:1'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#660066'><a href="http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/AVECOLintro.htm"><span style='color:#660066'>AVECOL</span></a></span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt; color:#660066'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt; font-family:Arial;color:windowtext'>Sponsored by the</span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#660066'>Museum of <span class=GramE>Natural Science</span>, Louisiana State University<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='color:windowtext; mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Description: LSUtowerlogo" style='width:68pt;height:122pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="AVECOL-DRYING%20LARGE%20STUDY%20SKINS_files/image001.jpg" o:title="LSUtowerlogo"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=70 height=124 src="AVECOL-DRYING%20LARGE%20STUDY%20SKINS_files/image002.jpg" alt="Description: LSUtowerlogo" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1"><![endif]></span><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-outline-level:1'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-outline-level:1'><span style='font-size:18.0pt'>DRYING LARGE STUDY SKINS<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>On 9/23/08 11:40 AM, &quot;Wehtje, Walter G.&quot; &lt;</span><a href="mailto:wehtjew@MISSOURI.EDU"><span class=SpellE><span style='font-family: Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:windowtext'>wehtjew</span></span><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:windowtext'> MISSOURI.EDU</span></a><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'>&gt; wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>I m currently emptying the freezer of larger birds, and have been prepping cormorants, terns, and boobies, along with spread wings up to the size of Sandhill Crane. Due to space constraints I have to dry the birds on boards in a teaching lab, and am getting some complaints about the smell. I m defleshing the wings up to the wrist, so believe the skin is staying moist long enough to begin smelling before it dries. Does anyone have suggestions for speeding up the drying process? I point desk lamps at the feet, which seems to work well, but they don t seem to work as well for the well-insulated wing joints. I m considering borax as a desiccant, but Winker (2000) suggests this may affect feather color over the long term. I d appreciate any suggestions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-outline-level:1;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>Walter Wehtje<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>Department of Fisheries and Wildlife<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'>University of Missouri-Columbia<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'>===========================<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>I ve had the same problem and have started putting finished skins in a box with window screen over the top and bottom to enhance air circulation on all sides of the skin. &nbsp;I also try to have them in a place where air is moving over the skin box to keep stale, moist air from staying around the skin. &nbsp;Also, if you are use a polyester batting or non-absorbent cotton for the filling that might keep moisture from staying inside the skin for too long.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-outline-level:1;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>Scott Cutler<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>Curator of Collections and Exhibits<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>Centennial Museum<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'>The University of Texas at El Paso<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'>===========================<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Several techniques that I have sued in the past with big bird specimens that helps speed drying<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Arial'>1. Use fans to blow over the specimens this allows more air to circulate around the birds. Be sure the air is blowing in the directions the feathers lie.</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Arial'>2. I have occasionally injected small amounts of 10% formalin into fleshy feet to fix the tissues.</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Arial'>3. if you have room in a freezer to lay the specimen flat, &nbsp;use the freezer to draw out the moisture&nbsp; (don t wrap the specimen in plastic as that would hold in the water).</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Arial'>4. The late Roxy Laybourne had a technique where she would make a cut in the footpad of a large bird and pull out the tendons then replace then with heavy cotton string.</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-outline-level:1;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>James Dean</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Collection Manager</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Smithsonian Institution</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Division of Birds<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>==========================================<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>Well cormorants and boobies will smell no matter what you do. &nbsp;They just smell. &nbsp;Coastal museum staff and students are probably more accustomed to that smell than us inlanders.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>If I have larger specimens to skin I'll try to wait until the winter when the relative humidity is lower and the specimens will dry faster. &nbsp;I'll also keep a fan near to circulate air over the specimen every minute that I can. &nbsp;I don't leave the fan on overnight but will move specimens into a chemical fume hood leaving the exhaust fan on low for the night.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>I'll slit the soles of the feet and hook out the large tendons. &nbsp;On wings you can make a ventral incision distal to the wrist and remove the little bits of tissue and tendon even from out there. &nbsp;I'll even remove the bones. &nbsp;Dry the specimen on a surface that will allow air circulation on the underside, or flip the specimen during drying to be certain the underside is done.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>On chemicals. &nbsp;If the specimen is destined for teaching, and only teaching, I wouldn't worry too much about color loss with the use of borax. &nbsp;It may also help prevent some insect infestations too. &nbsp;&nbsp;Another possibility is that the specimen was beginning to decompose. &nbsp;Rarely, extremely rarely, I'll use 10% neutral-buffered formalin injected into the tissues.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-outline-level:1;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>Good luck, good skinning.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-outline-level:1;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>Thomas Labedz, Collections Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>Division of Zoology and Division of Botany<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>University of Nebraska State Museum<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'>============================================<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>All these suggestions are good, but one other suggestion would be to use a dehumidifier inside an enclosed room. I dry all my specimens at home in front of the fan portion of a dehumidifier &#8211; it is extremely fast. I would recommend staying away from using a lamp placed over the feet as that just gives the bacteria an increased temperature to grow faster. Ordinary air circulation is much better than a heat source. I also do all my large mammal skulls with a dehumidifier &#8211; lions, tigers and bear skulls dry much faster and there is no decomposition within the brain cavity and nasal passages &#8211; aim the fan through the foramen magnum overnight. Then place the skull in the freezer until your colony is ready and they will consume every portion of meat (over-drying is not recommended for a thorough dermestid cleaning)</span><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>When preparing large specimens I routinely inject with either formalin or a formalin glycerin mixture which is an old stand-by for taxidermy prior to use of injectable 2 part-urethanes and the like which is available from Taxidermy supply companies. I always prefer the old methods to modern methods that are not tried and true.</span><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-outline-level:1;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri'>Stephen P. Rogers (Mr.)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-outline-level:1;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri'>Collection Manager of Section of Birds<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri'>and Section of Amphibians and Reptiles<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-outline-level:1'><span style='font-size:15.0pt; font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri'>Carnegie Museum of Natural History</span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </body> </html>