A
classification of the bird species of South America
South
American Classification Committee
HYPOTHETICAL LIST
(Eventually
to be split into at least two parts, one for well-documented published sight
records, one for dubious/undocumented records).
This
is a list of species reported from South America not supported by published or
archived tangible evidence, or exotic species for which the evidence for being
established is not conclusive.
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Anser
albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose: Photograph from Aruba examined by
Voous (1983), but the photograph was not published and evidently not archived.
Anser
caerulescens Snow Goose: Sight records from Trinidad (ffrench 1991).
Spatula
rhynchotis.
Australasian Shoveler: Undated specimen from
the 1800s from Argentina (Crozariol and Nacinovic 2017). SACC proposal needed.
Mareca
strepera
Gadwall: Photographs from Curacao (Jan.
2017: https://ebird.org/checklist/S47143639 etc.) and Aruba (https://ebird.org/checklist/S69484255). SACC proposal badly needed.
Anas
platyrhynchos Mallard: Sight record from
Bonaire (Voous 1985). Introduced populations are reported in Colombia and
elsewhere in South America, with a photograph published (Salaman et al. 2008). SACC proposal to add to Main List did not pass.
Aix
sponsa
Wood Duck: Two dead individuals with U.S.
bands were reportedly recovered in Colombia (Salaman et al. 2007) but
verification of U.S. banding records showed the database to be in error
(Salaman et al. 2008).
Melanitta
nigra Black Scoter: Unpublished sight record from Colombia (REF).
Numida
meleagris Helmeted Guineafowl: Introduced on Trindade island, Brazil
(REF); established?
Gallus
gallus.
[Domestic Chicken]. Gottdenker et al. (2005), as reported by Wiedenfeld (2006),
indicated that there might be feral, breeding populations on the Galapagos
Islands
Streptopelia
risoria Ringed Turtle-Dove: A population of S. risoria has been
present for some time in the Norte de Santander region of Colombia; photograph
available on the web at: Donegan TM, Huertas-H BC, Briceno-L ER, Arias-B JJ
& González-O CE (2003) Search for the Magdalena Tinamou: Project Report. Colombian
EBA Project Report Series No. 4. Fundación ProAves, Colombia, 2003, 49 pp.
www.proaves.org at p. 28. [Follow links to "Proyectos -> EBA í Reportes
e informes"]. Whether the population is established is unknown (Donegan
& Huertas 2002). Additionally, whether this "species" is a valid
taxon is currently under review (T. Donegan, pers. comm.); it is typically
treated as a domesticated form of African Collared Dove, S. roseogrisea
(Goodwin 1977, Baptista et al. 1997), and is also known as "Barbary
Dove" and "Ringed Dove." Although S. risoria is senior,
Banks et al. (2006) changed the name of this species to "African Collared
Dove" (Streptopelia roseogrisea) on the basis that ICZN Opinion
2027 established a general principle that wild species names should take
precedence over domestic species names, even if the domestic name post-dated
the wild name. Donegan (2007) has published the rationale for and application
for continued use of S. roseogrisea over S. risoria. Proposal needed.
Tachymarptis
melba Alpine Swift: Published sight report from French Guiana
(Ottema 2004).
Pygoscelis
adeliae
Adelie Penguin: Four Falklands records
involved five or six birds: an unpublished photograph by A. Carey in 1961
(Woods 1975), and sight records in 2004 and 2005, possibly of the same bird
(Black et al. 2005, Morrison et al. 2006).
Photos now published in
Wood (2017). Recent photo from Tierra
del Fuego (https://ebird.org/checklist/S157617698). SACC proposal pending to add to main list.
Eudyptes
pachyrhynchus Fiordland Penguin: Mazar Barnett & Pearman (2001) examined a
specimen in the British Museum collected at King George Bay, W. Falkland,
presented by The Admiralty in the 19th Century, although Woods (1988)
considered the record doubtful. Two Leiden Naturalis Museum specimens reputedly
collected in the Falklands (Mazar Barnett & Pearman 2001) were
misidentified and are both E. chrysocome (R. Woods in prep.). Undated
mounted specimen, catalogued as collected in the "Falkland Islands",
held at Cambridge Univ. Museum (R. Woods in prep.). SACC
proposal badly needed.
Eudyptes
schlegeli Royal Penguin: Three pairs reported on W. Falkland
"prior to 1987" and in the 1991-1992 austral summer where one pair
reportedly bred (Strange 1987, Gregory 1994, and perhaps unpublished
photograph; fide Mazar Barnett & Pearman 2001); all considered unconfirmed
by Woods & Woods (1997). One individual with unpublished photograph at
Pebble Island, Falklands, in Jan. 2005 (Morrison et al. 2006). Specimen of and
photograph of molting bird, both with questioned identity, from s. Chile (R.
Matus in prep.). Proposal needed to move species to
main list pending publication and acceptance of Falklands and Chilean
photographic records. Proposal needed to confirm specific status.
Spheniscus
demersus Jackass Penguin: An unpublished and unavailable photo from
Argentina in Chubut (Rumboll 1990) was relegated to hypothetical status by
Mazar Barnett & Pearman (2001). Called "African Penguin" in
Walker (1995).
Phoebastria
nigripes Black-footed Albatross: One undocumented sight report in Ecuadorean
waters (Harris 1968). Wiedenfeld (2006) listed three potential records for the
Galapagos islands, but none has been documented.
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Pterodroma alba Phoenix Petrel: <investigate listing for Juan Fernandez Iss. at
Avibase web site>.
Pterodroma
magentae
Magenta Petrel:
Two possible sightings: near Juan Fernandez Islands, 5 Aug 1995, and 150 km
west of Chile at 28-29 degrees S. Lat., March 1992 (Howell et al. 1996).
Pterodroma
gouldii Gray-faced Petrel: A photograph of a bird thought to be this
species (https://ebird.org/checklist/S109409539;
http://www.lachiricoca.cl/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/La-Chiricoca-21_part5_c.pdf) from Chile may have
been this species, but a SACC proposal to add this to the
main list was rejected because the identification was considered inconclusive.
Pachyptila
salvini Salvin's Prion: Oyarzo
& Cekalovic (1981) reported a specimen from Archipelago de las Wollaston,
Cabo de Hornos, but this specimen was subsequently reidentified as P. desolata (Barrios 2015). Called "Medium-billed Prion" in
Sibley & Monroe (1990) and elsewhere.
Puffinus
nativitatis Christmas Shearwater: Although occasionally listed as occurring in Chile
[REF], all records are from Easter Island or Isla Sala Y Gomez, outside the
area covered in this list; it breeds on Sala Y Gomez. Spear & Ainley (1999)
reported this species from the "Panama Bight", which includes
Colombia and Ecuador, but did not provide locality information that would allow
whether any records were within South American waters.
<?>
Nesofregetta fuliginosa Polynesian Storm-Petrel: <investigate listing for Galapagos at Avibase
web site>. A breeding population occurs in Chilean territory on Isla Sala y
Gomez (Harrison & Jehl 1988), but this is outside the limits of the area
covered by this list.
Oceanodroma homochroa Ashy Storm-Petrel: Two undocumented sight records
from Ecuador (Ridgely et al. 2001).
Pelecanus
erythrorhynchos American White Pelican:
Sight record from Trinidad (Audubon Magazine 1964, p. 289<check>, as
cited by Meyer de Schauensee 1966) and two sight records in Colombia, with
photographic records to date only from San Andrés (outside SACC area) (Salaman
et al. 2001, Estela et al. 2005)
Morus
bassanus Northern Gannet: Sight records from Trinidad & Tobago
(Kenefick 2010).
Phalacrocorax
auritus Double-crested Cormorant: Unpublished photo from Bonaire (Voous
1983).
Charadrius
hiaticula
Common Ringed Plover: Sight record from
Trinidad, where bird was examined in hand, banded, and released (ffrench 1973,
Kenefick & Hayes 2006); the specimen from Tierra del Fuego (Humphrey et al.
1970) in fact pertains to C. semipalmatus (Katrina Cook, British Museum,
pers. comm.).
Arenaria
melanocephala
Black
Turnstone: Sight records from the Galapagos
Islands (Harris 1973, 1982).
Calidris
ruficollis Red-necked Stint: Sight record from Mejia, depto. Arequipa,
Peru (Hughes 1988).
Chroicocephalus
philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull: Sight record from Bonaire (Voous 1983).
Margarornis
bellulus Beautiful Treerunner: Reported for Colombia based on “Bogotá” skins
(Verhelst-Montenegro 2015); occurs in immediately adjacent Panama. Recent sight records support occurrence on
Colombian side of Cerro Tacarcuna (Renjifo et al. 2017).
Progne
sinaloae Sinaloa Martin: Presumably winters somewhere in South America
(AOU 1998), but no actual records.
Tachycineta
thalassina Violet-green Swallow: Sight record from northern Colombia (Ridgely
& Tudor 1989).
Tachycineta
cyaneoviridis Bahama Swallow: Sight record from northern Colombia (Strewe
2006).
Stelgidopteryx
serripennis Northern Rough-winged Swallow: Sight records from
Bonaire (Voous 1983, 1985), Aruba and Curaçao (Hilty 2003), and Colombia
(Downing 2005).
Cinclus
mexicanus American Dipper: Sight record from Carabobo, Venezuela (Dungel
& Sebela 1995).
Tangara
fucosa Green-naped Tanager: Sight record from northwestern Colombia
(Pearman 1993).
Zonotrichia
albicollis
White-throated Sparrow: Specimen from Aruba
(Voous 1983, 1985); record needs to be reviewed (perhaps human-assisted).
Zonotrichia
leucophrys
White-crowned Sparrow: Photographed in
Bogota, Colombia, 6 June 2019, by S. T. Segovia (https://ebird.org/checklist/S57155237)
Loxigilla
noctis Lesser Antillean Bullfinch: Specimens collected in Guyana in
18<##> were later regarded as escaped cage-birds (Meyer de Schauensee
1966).
Pheucticus
melanocephalus Black-headed Grosbeak: Sight record from
Curaçao (Voous 1985).
Dendroica
pinus Pine Warbler: Sight record from the Santa Marta
Mountains, northern Colombia (Strewe & Navarro 2004).
Limnothlypis
swainsonii Swainson's Warbler: Sight record from coastal Venezuela in
Zulia (Casler & Esté 1996).
Oporornis
tolmiei MacGillivray's Warbler: Old records from northern Colombia (REF) are
now considered doubtful (Meyer de Schauensee 1966). Salaman et al. (2007, 2008)
did not list this species as occurring in Colombia because no specimens
attributable to this species were found by Project Biomap.
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We thank
Marshall Iliff for bringing unpublished eBird records to our attention.
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